A new theme that has proved to be the centre of gravity of the Paris negotiations[55] was born out of the fact that many of the worst effects of climate change will be too severe or will come too quickly to be avoided by adaptation measures. The Paris Agreement explicitly recognizes the need to repair such losses and damages and seeks to find appropriate responses. [56] It is specified that losses and damage can take different forms, both as immediate effects of extreme weather events and as slow effects, such as land loss at sea level for deep islands. [33] The conclusions of the Environment Council stressed the importance of using the appropriate instruments to meet member states` obligations. The EU will continue to implement its climate policy, outlined in the EU`s 2030 climate and energy policy, which was adopted by the European Council in October 2014. The main objective is to reduce national greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. As part of COP21, France`s strategy includes a wide range of high-level actors (French President, Special Envoy for the Planet, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Climate Ambassadors) supported by an interdepartmental multidisciplinary team. „The United States should stay with the other 189 parties to the agreement and not go out alone.“ „This will be the second time that the United States has been the main force behind the negotiations for a new climate agreement – with the Kyoto Protocol, we have never ratified it, in the case of the Paris Agreement, we have left it.“ On August 4, 2017, the Trump administration officially announced to the United Nations that the United States intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement as soon as it is legally entitled to it. [79] The formal declaration of resignation could not be submitted until after the agreement for the United States came into force on November 4, 2019 for a three-year date. [80] [81] On November 4, 2019, the U.S. government filed the withdrawal notice with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, custodian of the agreement, and formally withdrew from the Paris Agreement a year later, when the withdrawal came into effect.

[82] After the November 2020 elections, President-elect Joe Biden promised to reinstate the United States in the Paris Agreement for his first day in office and renew the U.S. commitment to climate change mitigation. [83] [84] The objective of the agreement is to reduce global warming described in Article 2 and to improve the implementation of the UNFCCC by:[11] After a campaign promise, Trump – a climate denier who claimed climate change was a „hoax“ committed by China, announced in June 2017 his intention to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement.